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The Expression Agenda 2017/2018. The state of freedom of expression around the world - Reports

ARTICLE 19 report shows sharp decline in global freedom of expression since 2014, and a continuous decline over ten years

Newsrooms of the world unite! Finding a global solution to misinformation - HTML5 video

Trust in media and the fight against misinformation cannot be solved within one region alone, or just by journalists alone. It is a global problem that requires a global solution. A discussion at the International Journalism Festival in Perugia, April 2018

Content or Context Moderation? - Reports

Robyn Caplan analyses three different types of content moderation: artisanal, community-reliant, and industrial, and highlights the tension between consistent decisions and context-based decisions

Weaponizing the Digital Influence Machine: The Political Perils of Online Ad Tech - Reports

Developments in technology have turned digital political advertising into a weapon which is dangerous to democracy, a report by Data & Society argues

Fake News as a Floating Signifier: Hegemony, Antagonism and the Politics of Falsehood - Academic Sources

The paper, published on Javnost - The Public Journal, argues that “fake news” has become a “floating signifier”, something which is used by different factions as a part of a battle to impose their viewpoint

Disinformation and ‘fake news’: Interim Report - Reports

This report by the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the House of Commons is part of an ongoing inquiry on fake news, which has been expanded to include other related topics. The Committee claims that democracy itself is at risk, and sets out a number of recommendations

Troll Factories: The Internet Research Agency and State-Sponsored Agenda Building - Academic Sources

Darren L. Linvill and Patrick L. Warren (Clemson University) published a working paper about the methods used by the Internet Research Agency, a Russia-sponsored troll group

Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018 - Reports

This study explores the ways news is being consumed in a range of countries. This year's report focuses on the issues of trust and misinformation, media literacy, new online business models, the impact of changing Facebook algorithms and the rise of new platforms and messaging apps

Tackling fake news, the Italian way - Legal Resources

As measures against fake news are widely debated across Europe, the protocol adopted by the Italian Interior Ministry on the eve of political elections, enabling the Postal Police to fact-check and report contents, has caused concern in the public debate

The Oxygen of Amplification - Reports

The report, written by digital media scholar Whitney Phillips for Data&Society, shows how the far-right manipulated the media in 2016, discusses the relation between reporting and amplifying extremist ideology and suggests some tips to journalists on when and how to cover online harassment campaigns and manipulations