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Democracy at Risk: Threats and Attacks Against Media Freedom in Europe. Annual Report 2019 - Reports

This 2019 Annual Report by 12 Council of Europe partner organisations portrays the situation of the media environment in Europe, highlighting its most problematic aspects and their causes. It also provides an in-depth look into particular issues or countries and recommendations to ensure a better media environment

The Media at Protests: Official Attitudes - Legal Resources

Covering protests and demonstrations is part of the core function of journalism of disseminating public interest information. However, often media workers are subjected to intimidations and attacks, also by police

The European media discourse on immigration and its effects: a literature review - Academic Sources

The authors of these paper, published on the Annals of the International Communication Association, conducted a literature review of the studies about media coverage of and media effects related to immigration in Europe

Encryption and Anonymity follow-up report - Reports

After three years, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression David Kaye authored an update to the 2015 Report on Encryption and Anonymity, addressing trends in state restrictions and the role of corporations

Developing a disinformation detection system and sourcing it live – The case study of the 2018 Italian elections - Reports

EU DisinfoLab developed a system for monitoring disinformation based on an identified ecosystem rather than on a series of keywords. They tested it on the 2018 Italian general elections

Council of Europe Recommendation on media pluralism, transparency of media ownership and media literacy - Reports

The Council of Europe has issued guidelines to its 47 member states in order to promote media pluralism, transparency of media ownership and media literacy

Measuring the reach of “fake news” and online disinformation in Europe - Reports

This fact sheet by RISJ provides top level usage statistics for the most popular sites that independent fact-checkers and other observers have identified as publishers of false news and online disinformation in two European countries: France and Italy

Journalism and media privilege - Reports

An overview of the most recent rules, case law, and policies across Europe on the privileges given to journalists when exercising their functions

Media coverage of elections: the legal framework in Europe - Reports

The European Audiovisual Observatory examines the regulation of broadcast, print and online media during elections in different Council of Europe member states

Attacks against journalists and media freedom in Europe - Reports

A review of major violations recorded by the Council of Europe “Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists” shows worrying trends particularly in countries affected by conflict and unrest