Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

The spread of true and false news online

MIT researchers investigated the difference in the diffusion of true and false news on Twitter

read more Fake news and disinformation Social media

Gender Equality in the EU’s Digital and Media Sectors

This briefing by the European Parliamentary Research Service (March 2018) provides updated background data showing the existing gender divide in the digital and media sectors across the European Union

read more Media and gender Freedom of expression Media pluralism

Responding to “hate speech”: Comparative overview of six EU countries

Legal framework, practices and regulations related to ‘hate speech’ in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom

read more Hate speech Austria Germany Hungary Poland Italy United Kingdom

Common sense wanted. Resilience to “post-truth” and its predictors in the new Media Literacy Index 2018

The Media Literacy Index 2018 shows that there is a clearly geographic pattern in the potential of resilience to post-truth phenomenon: the countries with a better performance are in the North and Northwest of Europe, as opposed to the countries in the Southeastern Europe. Countries like Hungary, Italy and Greece are in a middle cluster

read more Media literacy EU Member States Western Balkans Trust in media

United Kingdom (England and Wales): Responding to ‘hate speech’

The report was produced as part of “Media Against Hate”, a Europe-wide campaign initiated by the European Federation of Journalists and a coalition of civil society organisations

read more Hate speech United Kingdom Media freedom Freedom of expression

The fake news game: actively inoculating against the risk of misinformation

Can a game in which participants create a fake news article help them spot misinformation in the real world? Researchers made an experiment in a high school in the Netherlands

read more Fake news and disinformation Netherlands Media literacy

Italian Online and Offline Political Communication Regulation: an Overview

In the lead-up of March 4, 2018 Italian elections and resting upon the experience of the last elections in the UK, France, Germany and the U.S., this report proposes an overview of the existing Italian legal framework regulating political communication during electoral campaigns

read more Online news Online media Propaganda Digital rights

Dead Reckoning

A white paper by Data & Society discusses definitions of “fake news” and intervention strategies

read more Fake news and disinformation Germany Fact-checking Censorship

Measuring the reach of “fake news” and online disinformation in Europe

This fact sheet by RISJ provides top level usage statistics for the most popular sites that independent fact-checkers and other observers have identified as publishers of false news and online disinformation in two European countries: France and Italy

read more Fake news and disinformation Italy France

Trust in Media 2018

A report by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) explores European citizens’ perception of the trustworthiness of several types of media

read more Trust in media EU Member States Albania
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