Independent Newspapers v. Ireland: €1.25 million defamation award against newspaper violated Article 10 - Legal Resources

High damages for defamation have a “chilling effect" on freedom of expression, thus require the “most careful scrutiny” and “very strong justification”. A ECtHR landmark judgment against against abuse of defamation law

Estonian Union of Journalists - Support Centres

The Estonian Union of Journalists (Eesti Ajakirjanike Liit, EAL) was first established in 1919; it represents the journalism and media professionals active in Estonia. The union provides members with defense of economic interests and various forms of legal and professional support, as well as with training and scholarship opportunities. It is also active in monitoring and advocating legislative changes in the country. The union can be contacted at eal@eal.ee or at +372 646 3699. 

Norwegian Union of Journalists - Support Centres

The Norwegian Union of Journalists (Norsk Journalistlag) is the union representing the people working in the journalism sector in Norway, and it includes the vast majority of them. Besides acting in order to improve its members' working conditions, the union is active in promoting journalism ethics and freedom and in monitoring the state of journalism in Norway and abroad. It provides its members with legal and professional assistance, as well as with several education and grant opportunities. The union also publishes the online magazine Journalisten , devoted to media issues. Contacts to get in touch with the union are nj@nj.no and +47 22 05 39 50. 

Union of Icelandic Journalists - Support Centres

The Union of Icelandic Journalists (Blaðamannafélag Íslands) is the union representing the journalism professionals in Iceland. Founded in 1897 and counting on some 500 members, the union monitors the state of the media and of media work in the country. It negotiates some working conditions for its members, and it provides them with legal support and educational or professional opportunities. The union can be contacted at bi@press.is or at +354 553-9155. 

Spain’s Transparency Lottery - Legal Resources

The difficulties for access to information and transparency in Spain. A first instance court ruled in favour of the human rights organization Access Info Europe, with regard to the disclosure of documents about Spain's progress on open government

Mass Media Defence Centre - Support Centres

The Mass Media Defence Centre is an NGO working in the field of media rights protection and the promotion of freedom of expression standards in Russia. Its primary purpose is to protect the rights of media outlets and the legal protection of journalists, also helping them to find pro bono lawyers and providing legal advice.

Mass Media Defence Centre - Stakeholders

The Mass Media Defence Centre is an NGO working in the field of media rights protection and the promotion of freedom of expression standards in Russia. Its primary purpose is to protect the rights of media outlets and provides practical support for journalists.

The MMDC is part of the Media Legal Defence Initiative network. The MMDC Director Galina Arapova is a member of the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF). 

Attacks on the Press: The New Face of Censorship - Books

The 2017 edition of CPJ's annual report on press conditions worldwide focuses on the new challenges and forms of censorship, which are becoming increasingly serious for journalists and media

Judicial practice on Media Freedom in Russia: the role of the Supreme Court - Reports

An overview of the way a Resolution by the Supreme Court has shaped Russian jurisprudence in the areas of media freedom, regulation of online media, rights of journalists, and access to information

Pluralism under attack: the assault on press freedom in Poland - Reports

Poland has recently emerged as a crucial battleground in the attempt by authoritarian-minded leaders to gain control over political discourse and erode media pluralism