Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Are people incidentally exposed to news on social media? A comparative analysis

The article examines incidental exposure to news on social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter) in four countries (Italy, Australia, United Kingdom, United States) finding that social media use is significantly related to increased news use, even among those who come across news on social media while doing other things

read more Social media United Kingdom Italy Australia New Zeland Pacific Fake news and disinformation

"They Go for Gender First." The Nature and Effect of Sexist Abuse of Female Technology Journalists

Most women journalists writing about technology experience forms of harassment. As a result, they tend to resort to self-censorship and risk to be marginalised from the media industry

read more Media and gender Freedom of expression United Kingdom

Disinformation and Social Bot Operations in the Run Up to the 2017 French Presidential Election

In a paper published on First Monday, Emilio Ferrara studies the role of Twitter in the MacronLeaks disinformation campaign

read more France Fake news and disinformation Social media Americas


Arrest of media professionals quadruples in first quarter 2017

As shown by reports submitted to Index on Censorship’s Mapping Media Freedom platform in the first quarter of 2017, media professionals were arrested at an alarming rate, with more than a fourfold increase over the fourth quarter of 2016

read more Freedom of expression Media freedom Belarus Ukraine Romania Turkey Sweden

Encryption under Threat

Increasingly, cybersecurity and privacy are undermined in the name of security, for example tackling encryption tools. A report by the German Institute for International and Security Affairs explains why Germany should oppose this trend

read more Encryption Cybersecurity Surveillance Political pressure Whistleblowing Privacy Digital safety Digital rights Germany United Kingdom Russia

Identifying and Countering Fake News

A paper published on Arizona Legal Studies identifies distinct types of fake news based on intent and motivation, and discusses solutions based on law, market, code/architecture, and social norms

read more Fake news and disinformation Media freedom Freedom of expression Social media

Studies find precarious employment tied to digitalisation and the gig economy

Two recent studies examine the relationship between digitalisation and gig economy in European countries, with its consequences on the precarious status of employment of an incresing number of workers.

read more EU Member States United Kingdom Germany Netherlands Digitalisation

Ukraine: impunity persists for the murder of Pavel Sheremet

A year after journalist Pavel Sheremet was killed by a car bomb in Kiev, Ukraine has so far failed to make progress on the case. A report highlights issues with Kiev’s credibility and suggests the need for an independent probe

read more Ukraine Russia Media freedom Safety of journalists

Churnalism on the Rise? Assessing Convergence Effects on Editorial Practices

Newrooms' excessive reliance on pre-packaged sources of news lowers the quality of information and threatens media pluralism, but it has become a mainstream practice - at least in the case of Greece

read more Media pluralism Greece Online news Online media Business model
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