Montenegro: the fight against impunity begins in the courtroom - Legal Resources

Two recent landmark judgements in Montenegro seek to end impunity for crimes against journalists, reversing a long-lasting trend and holding authorities responsible for failing to investigate attacks against journalist Tufik Softić

Italian Online and Offline Political Communication Regulation: an Overview - Reports

In the lead-up of March 4, 2018 Italian elections and resting upon the experience of the last elections in the UK, France, Germany and the U.S., this report proposes an overview of the existing Italian legal framework regulating political communication during electoral campaigns

Dead Reckoning - Reports

A white paper by Data & Society discusses definitions of “fake news” and intervention strategies 

European Journalism in the Digital Age - Training

A legal and practical boot camp for journalists, activists, and lawyers

Do tabloids poison the well of social media? Explaining democratically dysfunctional news sharing - Academic Sources

The study analyzes misinformation, disinformation, and “fake news” using a new theoretical framework and a unique research design integrating survey data and analysis of observed news sharing behaviors on social media in the United Kingdom. The research is designed of combination analysis of news media content, self-reports from relevant groups of social media users, and digital trace data

Measuring the reach of “fake news” and online disinformation in Europe - Reports

This fact sheet by RISJ provides top level usage statistics for the most popular sites that independent fact-checkers and other observers have identified as publishers of false news and online disinformation in two European countries: France and Italy

Hate speech: what it is and how to contrast it - Article

The third of a series of thematic itineraries to explore the Resource Centre on Media Freedom through a curated aggregation of contents. 

Why Does Junk News Spread So Quickly Across Social Media? - Reports

This white paper by the Knight Foundation explores the spread of junk news around the world by examining the relationship between social media and democracy and by discussing the role of algorithms, advertisements and selective exposure in filtering and delivering content

News in Social Media - Academic Sources

The article analyses news-gathering on social media, focusing on theories of opinion leaders and the concept of incidental news consumption. The research uses a combination of representative survey data and qualitative interviews with young people aged 16–19 in Sweden

The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media - Academic Sources

The study analyzes the relationship between media diversity and political interest, challenging the impact of echo chambers and tempering fears of partisan segregation