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Informational Autocrats - Academic Sources

The paper analyses the role of the media in establishing and maintaining modern-day authoritarian regimes. The authors offer a formal account of how such systems work, emphasising the importance of the gap in political knowledge between the “informed elite” and the general public as a key element of informational autocracy

Commercial pressures in Spanish newsrooms - Academic Sources

A study based on 50 interviews with Spanish journalists examines how they respond to commercial pressure from newspapers’ advertisers

The cultural and economic power of advertisers in the business press - Academic Sources

A study of the impact of advertising practices on the editorial independence of reporters

Control the money, control the media - Academic Sources

An account of the ways governments use funding to keep the media in line

Defining "Fake News." A Typology of Scholarly Definitions - Academic Sources

In the last two decades, the term "fake news" has been used with several different meanings, which fall into six categories. It is possible to map them out according to their reliance on facts and their intention to mislead