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Tackling fake news, the Italian way - Legal Resources

As measures against fake news are widely debated across Europe, the protocol adopted by the Italian Interior Ministry on the eve of political elections, enabling the Postal Police to fact-check and report contents, has caused concern in the public debate

Synopsis report of the public consultation on fake news and online disinformation - Reports

This synopsis report presents the major points emerged from the public consultation on fake news and online disinformation held by the European Commission

Internet and electoral campaigns - Reports

Rules on electoral campaigning were written for traditional media. This report examines how the shift to digital media affects the effectiveness of these rules and suggests updates

Measuring the reach of “fake news” and online disinformation in Europe - Reports

This fact sheet by RISJ provides top level usage statistics for the most popular sites that independent fact-checkers and other observers have identified as publishers of false news and online disinformation in two European countries: France and Italy

How to Counter Fake News? A taxonomy of anti-fake news approaches - Reports

The article provides a first taxonomy of anti-fake news approaches, arguing that contrasting the phenomenon with news laws could aggravate its root causes

Junk News and Bots during the German Parliamentary Election: What are German Voters Sharing over Twitter? - Academic Sources

The article studies Twitter data on bot activity and junk news using a set of hashtags related to the 2017 German Parliamentary Election

Disinformation and Social Bot Operations in the Run Up to the 2017 French Presidential Election - Academic Sources

In a paper published on First Monday, Emilio Ferrara studies the role of Twitter in the MacronLeaks disinformation campaign

Media coverage of elections: the legal framework in Europe - Reports

The European Audiovisual Observatory examines the regulation of broadcast, print and online media during elections in different Council of Europe member states

Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2017 - Reports

The 2017 edition of the Digital News Report by the Reuters Institute, the most comprehensive ongoing comparative study of news consumption in the world, focuses on the issues of trust in the era of fake news, changing business models and the role of platforms

Far-Right Nationalism and Populism in Europe: Assaults on Press Freedom - Reports

The study by the Media Governance and Industries Research Lab (University of Vienna) examines how far-right and populist political parties affect independent journalism in democracies and the specific threats they pose to it in 12 European countries: Austria; Bosnia & Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Montenegro; Poland; Romania; and Serbia.