Commercial pressures in Spanish newsrooms - Academic Sources

A study based on 50 interviews with Spanish journalists examines how they respond to commercial pressure from newspapers’ advertisers

I Subscribe - To support Independent Journalism in Turkey - Campaigns

A coalition of freedom of expression organizations led by the International Press Institute (IPI) launched on June the 5th the “I Subscribe” campaign for independent journalism in Turkey.

Romania - Media Pluralism Monitor 2017 - Reports

The MPM 2017 report on Romania shows uneven performances, with the major concerns being related to the areas of 'market plurality' and 'social inclusiveness'

Media freedom in Bulgaria - Article

The fourth of a series of thematic itineraries to explore the Resource Centre on Media Freedom through a curated aggregation of contents. The text has been kindly proof-read by Dr. Lada Price from Sheffield Hallam University - CFOM and AEJ - Bulgaria

Council of Europe Recommendation on media pluralism, transparency of media ownership and media literacy - Reports

The Council of Europe has issued guidelines to its 47 member states in order to promote media pluralism, transparency of media ownership and media literacy

Nations in Transit 2018 - Romania Country Report - Reports

The "Nations in Transit" Report on Romania by Freedom House (2018) provides an overview of the country's democratic institutions, including a section devoted to independent media. This digest focuses on this section

A comparison of a new index based on the Media Pluralism Monitor with some other indices ranking freedom of expression - Reports

The aim of this working paper is to present a ranking of European Union Member States, Montenegro, and Turkey in terms of media pluralism and to compare the Media Pluralism Monitor ranking with the scores and rankings provided by the indices of Reporters without Borders and Freedom House related to the same EU and accession countries

Italy: From Italian Constitution to the Internet era - Academic Sources

Perspectives, challenges and developments for the Italian jurisprudence

World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2017-2018 - Reports

A global report by UNESCO analyses the key trends in media freedom, media pluralism, media independence, and the safety of journalists at the global and regional level

Nations in Transit 2018 – Hungary Country report - Reports

The “Nations in Transit” report on Hungary by Freedom House (2018) provides an overview of the country’s democratic institutions, including a section devoted to independent media