Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Journalists and Online Harassment

The report provides a definition of online harassment and identifies ways for journalists to respond

read more Safety of journalists Harassment Digital safety Media and gender

Journalism, Media, and Technology Trends and Predictions 2020

Publishers will struggle to re-establish trust in journalism, while a backdrop of economic and political uncertainty will challenge the sustainability of many news organisations. The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism identifies the most important media trends for 2020

read more Digitalisation Business model Fake news and disinformation Propaganda Media and gender Cybersecurity

Fighting Words: Journalism Under Assault in Central and Eastern Europe

The report examines the state of press freedom in Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the results of a survey of almost a hundred journalists, the paper suggests possible measures to support independent journalism

read more Political pressure Safety of journalists Media capture

Joint International Press Freedom Mission to Hungary: conclusions

Hungary dismantles media freedom and pluralism: this is the main finding of the international mission that visited Hungary in November 2019, meeting journalists, civil society organisations, a spokesperson of the government, and the Mayor of Budapest

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Human Rights Defenders in the Western Balkans. Intimidation instead of Recognition

This landmark report by Civil Rights Defenders explores how human rights defenders face intimidation instead of recognition in the six Western Balkan states

read more Human rights Albania Bosnia Herzegovina Kosovo Montenegro Serbia North Macedonia

Turkey's Journalists in the Dock. Judicial Silencing of the Fourth Estate. Joint International Press Freedom Mission to Turkey

The mission, consisting of representatives of International Press Institute (IPI), ARTICLE 19, European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), PEN International, Norwegian PEN, Reporters without Borders (RSF), and European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF), reports that the press freedom environment in the country has not improved since the lifting of the state of emergency in July 2018

read more Turkey Freedom of expression Media freedom Media pluralism

Freedom on the Net 2019 - The crisis of social media

Freedom on the Net is an annual study of Internet freedom in 65 countries around the world, covering 87% of the world’s Internet users. It tracks improvement and decline in Internet freedom conditions each year.

read more Social media Surveillance Freedom of expression Fake news and disinformation Media freedom Censorship

Taking Control? Internet Censorship and Surveillance in Russia

A report by Reporters without Borders based on about 30 interviews with journalists, activists, lawyers and human rights defenders. It traces the development from the first bans on content in 2012 to Autumn 2019

read more Russia Surveillance Censorship

What Can Be Done? Digital Media Policy Options for Strengthening European Democracy

This report identifies some policy options able to create an environment that is more conducive to independent professional journalism, demonstrating what democratic digital media policy could look like with freedom, funding, and a future

read more European policies and legislation Freedom of expression Media freedom Media pluralism Media ownership Media literacy

Data Voids. Where Missing Data Can Easily Be Exploited

The assumption that for any given query there is some relevant content is not true. When there is little content available, the most relevant content is low-quality or problematic, or both. The paper shows how manipulators expose users to problematic content by exploiting search engine results

read more Fake news and disinformation Online news Online media Fact-checking