Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Investigating online harassment and abuse of women journalists

This is the third brief of a series made by ARTICLE 19, it examines the scope of State obligations to address online harassment and abuse of women journalists, and to conduct effective investigations into the online harassment and abuse

read more Harassment Media and gender

The impact of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on artificial intelligence

A study by Professor Giovanni Sartor published by the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology, within the EPRS,European Parliamentary Research Service

read more Cybersecurity

A gathering storm: the laws being used to silence the media

A review by Index on Censorship of how laws are being used in Europe to bring actions against journalists

read more SLAPP Defamation and Libel European policies and legislation Freedom of expression

How to protect journalists and other media actors? Implementation guide

Implementation Guide by the Council of Europe to selected topics under the Protection and Prosecution pillars of the Guidelines of Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 on the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other media actors

read more Safety of journalists Media freedom

SLAPP in the EU context

A research requested by the EU Commission about SLAPP, strategic lawsuits against public participation

read more SLAPP European policies and legislation Croatia Italy Malta Hungary France

Covid and Free Speech. The impact of COVID-19 and ensuing measures on freedom of expression in Council of Europe member states

Background Paper, Ministerial Conference of the Council of Europe, Cyprus 2020: Artificial Intelligence – Intelligent Politics, challenges and opportunities for media and democracy

read more COVID-19

Media Freedom made in Scandinavia: six examples of best practices

This report of a fact-finding mission to Scandinavia organised by ECPMF with the participation of EFJ and OBCT shows policies and approaches that can inspire change for the better, suggesting what governments and media actors can do to defend media freedom

read more Media capture SLAPP Freedom of expression Media freedom Media ownership Media pluralism Sweden Denmark

Advice concerning the introduction of anti-SLAPP legislation to protect freedom of expression in the European Union

The paper analyses the current EU legal framework and recommends that the European Union adopt with urgency a series of measures to limit the abuse of defamation laws and the chilling effect on press freedom

read more SLAPP Freedom of expression Media freedom

Hands Off Press Freedom: Attacks on Media in Europe Must Not Become a New Normal

2020 Annual Report by the partner organisations to the Council of Europe Platform to Promote the Protection of Journalism and Safety of Journalists

read more Safety of journalists SLAPP Council of Europe Member States