Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Public Service Media in the context of disinformation and propaganda

This report explores the critical role of the Public Service Media (PSM) in counteracting the widespread phenomenon of information disorder, calling for a joint action among relevant actors and highlighting core novel “best practices” and activities undertaken by public service media organizations worldwide

read more Media freedom Public broadcasting Fake news and disinformation Media pluralism Journalism education Freedom of expression



Indicators on the Level of Media Freedom and Journalists’ Safety in the Western Balkans - Comparative Analysis 2018

This comparative study aims at assessing the achievements in freedom of speech and journalists’ safety in five Western Balkans countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia)

read more Media freedom Freedom of expression Safety of journalists Bosnia Herzegovina Serbia Kosovo North Macedonia

Societal costs of “fake news” in the Digital Single Market

The report aims at exploring “the mechanisms of ‘fake news’ and their societal costs in the Digital Single Market”

read more Media freedom Media literacy Fake news and disinformation

Journalists: The bête noire of organized crime

Reporters Without Borders released a compelling collection of case studies and interviews with journalists threatened by mafias and criminal groups worldwide

read more Poland Investigative journalism Safety of journalists

News vs. fake AGCOM report on Italy

A report by the Italian telecommunications regulatory body about real and fake news in the Italian information system

read more Italy Fake news and disinformation Media pluralism Social media

How The Wall Street Journal is preparing its journalists to detect deepfakes

Deepfakes, false videos created with artificial intelligence and machine learning, are coming. Newsroom should train their journalists to detect them. Francesco Marconi and Till Daldrup (WSJ) share some insights and tips

read more Fake news and disinformation Journalism education Fact-checking

Content or Context Moderation?

Robyn Caplan analyses three different types of content moderation: artisanal, community-reliant, and industrial, and highlights the tension between consistent decisions and context-based decisions

read more Fake news and disinformation Social media Freedom of expression Censorship Hate speech

Demonising the media: Threats to journalists in Europe

The report surveys over 3,000 media freedom incidents documented by Index on Censorship’s “Mapping Media Freedom” (MMF) project since May 2014 with a view to outlining key trends and categories

read more EU Member States Turkey Freedom of expression Censorship Safety of journalists