Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Freedom on the Net 2018 - The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism

Covering 87% of the world’s Internet users, Freedom on the Net is a study of Internet freedom in 65 countries around the globe that tracks improvements and declines in Internet freedom conditions each year

read more Access to information Censorship Fake news and disinformation Freedom of expression Media freedom Social media

Robust whistleblower protection is a crucial challenge for European democracy

The European Commission published on April 23, 2018, a proposal for a Directive "on the protection of persons reporting on breaches of Union law". Quentin Van Enis, a legal expert specialised in media, analyses for the EFJ the draft directive from the journalists’ perspective

read more Whistleblowing

Concept of the enemy III: the violent forces are ganging up against journalists

The third ECPMF’s study on violence against journalists in Germany shows that the number of incidents in 2018 is close to the record high of 2015

read more Germany

Sourcing the Sources: An analysis of the use of Twitter and Facebook as a journalistic source

The study analyses the sourcing techniques used by newspaper journalists in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. The comparison of Twitter and Facebook sources is given to verify whether the findings apply to social media in general

read more Ethics of journalism Social media Germany United Kingdom

Reconstruction of the socio-semantic dynamics of political activist Twitter networks

A case study of the French political landscape on Twitter during the 2017 presidential election, and how different political communities share fake news and debunks

read more France Social media Fake news and disinformation Data journalism Fact-checking

Horizons of Hate

In this research report published by VOX-Pol, Matti Pohjonen employs a comparative approach to social media hate speech, comparing three politically different Finnish Facebook groups discussing immigration

read more Finland Hate speech Social media

Is There a Future for Journalism?

This study published in the journal Journalism Practice focuses on political and economic matters impacting journalism's future, the safety of journalists, and internet governance

read more Safety of journalists Freedom of expression Access to information

Can’t We Just Disregard Fake News? The Consequences of Exposure to Inaccurate Information

Disinformation can create confusion, doubt, and reliance on inaccurate content. A paper, published on Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, discusses the problem and possible solutions

read more Fake news and disinformation

Automated Serendipity

According to an article published on “Digital Journalism”, people that use search engines for online news use more diverse and more balanced sources.

read more United Kingdom Germany Spain Online news Online media Americas

Attacks and Harassment. The Impact on Female Journalists and Their Reporting

Journalists and other media workers face a range of digital and physical threats that threaten freedom of expression. Based on the findings of a global survey, this report provides an examination into the professional dangers of being a female journalist today.

read more Media and gender Harassment Hate speech Safety of journalists