Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Liberties Media Freedom Report 2024

The Media Freedom Report 2024 is the third annual report on media freedom in the European Union (EU) produced by the Civil Liberties Union for Europe (Liberties). It discusses relevant legislative and regulatory action at EU and national level during 2023 and maps the main trends and developments in media freedom in 19 EU Member States. It also sets forth a list of recommendations to the EU institutions to improve the media landscape in Europe and better protect media freedom and pluralism across the Union. This report features a new chapter dedicated to the European Media Freedom Act – landmark legislation that has myriad implications for media freedom and pluralism in the EU.

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MFRR Monitoring Report 2023

The partners from the MFRR consortium publish the latest edition of its Monitoring Report which documents press freedom violations from January to December 2023

read more Freedom of expression Media freedom Safety of journalists


Safety of Journalists Behind the Headlines: Threats, Attacks, and Pressure on Journalists in Serbia

The report shows results from a research project jointly funded the Council of Europe and European Union, conducted in collaboration with the Association of Journalists of Serbia (UNS) and the Independent Association of Journalists of Serbia (NUNS)

read more Serbia Safety of journalists

2023 Report on the Activities of the Permanent Working Group for Safety of Journalists

Amid a global increase in violence against journalists, the report acknowledges that in 2023 the Permanent Working Group for Safety of Journalists in Serbia (PWG) made notable progress, with several initiatives undertaken to bolster journalist safety in the country

read more Serbia Safety of journalists Media freedom

Türkiye: reverse a critically hostile environment

The country increasingly turning into a hostile environment for freedom of expression and for journalists, human rights defenders and civil society

read more Freedom of expression Turkey Media freedom Media pluralism

Press Freedom in Europe: Time to Turn the Tide

On Tuesday 5 March 2024, the Platform to Promote the Protection of Journalism and Safety of Journalists launched its annual report "Press Freedom in Europe: Time to Turn the Tide", written by the Platform’s coalition of fifteen press freedom NGOs and journalists associations. It takes stock of key areas of law, policy and practices affecting media freedom and safety of journalists in Europe and identifies actions required to improve effective protection of journalists.

read more media freedom Media freedom Safety of journalists Europe

Journo News Monitor: an AI-powered study on Turkey’s news media

Amidst significant technological advancements reshaping the media landscape, notably in Generative AI, Turkey's news media are grappled with mounting political pressure and contended with the adverse impacts of platforms on journalism. This report focuses toward two mediums, Turkish news websites and Google's search engine, as previous studies have identified them as the predominant digital channels for news in Turkey. The aim is to assess the potential biases in Google's algorithm and the coverage of news websites throughout 2023.

read more Turkey Business model Media pluralism Media ownership

Open SLAPP Cases in 2022 and 2023 - The Incidence of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation, and Regulatory Responses in the European Union

This research, commissioned by the Committee of Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) of the European Parliament, aims to analyze SLAPP cases and threats initiated between 2022 and 2023

read more SLAPP Freedom of expression Media freedom

Disputes over access - A Study on Journalists’ Practices and Freedom of Information Policies in the Baltics

Despite their high rankings in the World Press Freedom Index, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania face notable deficiencies in freedom of information. Supported by RSF, Balticada Investigations Studio conducted a study on the challenges that media professionals face when trying to access public data in the region

read more Access to information Media freedom Estonia Latvia Lithuania