Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Online Module: Media Against ‘Hate Speech’

How to identify ‘hate speech’ and how to effectively counter it while protecting the rights to freedom of expression and equality

read more Hate speech Media freedom

Online Module: How to counter hate speech and manage an online community

A training module addressed to journalists, bloggers, media activists, social media managers, and professionals involved in the contrast of online hate speech

read more Hate speech Media freedom Online news Online media Journalism education

Online Module: ethical journalism practices on migrants and refugees

Terminology, news angles, sources, the use of audio-visual content, and most importantly journalism ethics

read more Ethics of journalism Journalism education Media freedom Hate speech

Online Module: Inclusion through media

These resources and case studies look at the role and responsibilities of media, civil society, and institutions in enabling (or hindering) empowerment and participation of all members of society

read more Journalism education Media pluralism Media freedom

The Oxygen of Amplification

The report, written by digital media scholar Whitney Phillips for Data&Society, shows how the far-right manipulated the media in 2016, discusses the relation between reporting and amplifying extremist ideology and suggests some tips to journalists on when and how to cover online harassment campaigns and manipulations

read more Journalism education Freedom of expression Fake news and disinformation Hate speech Propaganda Social media

Developing a disinformation detection system and sourcing it live – The case study of the 2018 Italian elections

EU DisinfoLab developed a system for monitoring disinformation based on an identified ecosystem rather than on a series of keywords. They tested it on the 2018 Italian general elections

read more Social media Fake news and disinformation Italy Fact-checking

Media Independence through Routine Press-State Relations

A case study of media independence and press-state relationship based on coverage of migration in the United Kingdom

read more Big data Data journalism Media freedom United Kingdom

News Media in Western Europe: Populist Views Divide Public Opinion

A team at the Pew Research Center conducted a public opinion survey in eight countries of Western Europe about trust in news media in relation to how people place themselves on a left/right and on a populist/non-populist axis. Attention was also given to how people use social media as a source for news

read more Trust in media Social media Media literacy Public broadcasting

Defending Free Speech

This report by the Swedish Government presents an action plan to safeguard and strengthen the democratic discourse against threats and hatred, with special regard to politically elected representatives, journalists and artists

read more Ethics of journalism Safety of journalists War reporting Digital safety Sweden

Synopsis report of the public consultation on fake news and online disinformation

This synopsis report presents the major points emerged from the public consultation on fake news and online disinformation held by the European Commission

read more Fake news and disinformation Media freedom Freedom of expression Censorship Media literacy Fact-checking Trust in media