Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Macedonia in the digital age – between the rights and responsibilities while communicating on Internet

An overview of the legal framework, the implementation and the role of the self-regulatory mechanisms in the sphere of online media and communications in Macedonia

read more North Macedonia Digital rights Hate speech Defamation and Libel Access to information Impunity Copyright

ERGA Report on the independence of National Regulatory Authorieties

The report provides recommendations on the characteristics of the independent regulatory authorities, providing elements to be taken into consideration by the Commission in the review of the AVMSD

read more EU Member States

Media ownership and finances in Kosovo: Legal vacuum and lack of transparency

This country report by the South East European Media Observatory investigates the lack of transparency in media ownership and financing in Kosovo

read more Kosovo Media ownership Media funding

Media Ownership and Finances in Turkey. Increasing Concentration and Clientelism

This report explores the mechanisms through which ownership concentration and political clientelism limit media freedom and diversity in Turkey

read more Turkey Media ownership Media freedom

Propaganda and Freedom of the Media

In response to the increasing impact of propaganda witnessed within the conflict in Ukraine, this treatise developed by the OSCE Representative’s Office offers an in-depth look at the legal and historical basis against propaganda and provides suggestions to tackle it

read more Propaganda OSCE Member States

State-Media Financial Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Increasingly Dependent and Disciplined Media

Overwhelming financial relations between the state and the media and lack of transparency affect media integrity in Bosnia and Herzegovina

read more Bosnia Herzegovina Media funding Media pluralism

State-Media Financial Relations in Serbia

The beginning of media privatization process in Serbia, set out in 2015, creates opportunities for independence but also poses potential challenges for media independence in the country

read more Serbia Media ownership Media funding

State-Media Financial Relations in Macedonia: Media Freedom Curbed with Public Money

In Macedonia, the funds allocated to the media by the government increased over the years, feeding corruption and clientelism

read more North Macedonia Media ownership Media funding

State-Media Financial Relations in Albania. Nurturing client-based media practices

This study, implemented within the SEE Media Observatory Phase 2 research component, focuses on financial relations between the state and media in Albania

read more Albania Media ownership Media funding Local media

Media Ownership and Financing in Montenegro. Weak Regulation Enforcement and Persistence of Media Control

Concentration of media ownership and weak implementation of existing regulations subverts media freedom in Montenegro

read more Montenegro Media ownership Media funding