Reports and papers

Analyses on specific aspects related to press and media freedom, performed and published by research centres, non-governmental organizations and public bodies

Media Ownership and Finances in Turkey. Increasing Concentration and Clientelism

This report explores the mechanisms through which ownership concentration and political clientelism limit media freedom and diversity in Turkey

read more Turkey Media ownership Media freedom

Propaganda and Freedom of the Media

In response to the increasing impact of propaganda witnessed within the conflict in Ukraine, this treatise developed by the OSCE Representative’s Office offers an in-depth look at the legal and historical basis against propaganda and provides suggestions to tackle it

read more Propaganda OSCE Member States

State-Media Financial Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Increasingly Dependent and Disciplined Media

Overwhelming financial relations between the state and the media and lack of transparency affect media integrity in Bosnia and Herzegovina

read more Bosnia Herzegovina Media funding Media pluralism

State-Media Financial Relations in Serbia

The beginning of media privatization process in Serbia, set out in 2015, creates opportunities for independence but also poses potential challenges for media independence in the country

read more Serbia Media ownership Media funding

State-Media Financial Relations in Macedonia: Media Freedom Curbed with Public Money

In Macedonia, the funds allocated to the media by the government increased over the years, feeding corruption and clientelism

read more North Macedonia Media ownership Media funding

State-Media Financial Relations in Albania. Nurturing client-based media practices

This study, implemented within the SEE Media Observatory Phase 2 research component, focuses on financial relations between the state and media in Albania

read more Albania Media ownership Media funding Local media

Media Ownership and Financing in Montenegro. Weak Regulation Enforcement and Persistence of Media Control

Concentration of media ownership and weak implementation of existing regulations subverts media freedom in Montenegro

read more Montenegro Media ownership Media funding

Spain: Press freedom in a moment of change

Compiled by an international group under the auspices of the IPI, the report "España: La liberdad de prensa en un momento de cambio" brings to the public responses by Spanish politicians confronted with deficiencies in honoring citizens' rights amid a period of major crisis

read more Spain Access to information

World trends in freedom of expression and media development: Special digital focus 2015

Since 2011, UNESCO increased its activity in monitoring the status of press freedom and safety of journalists, with emphasis on cases of impunity for violence against journalists. This Special Digital Focus 2015 devotes specific attention to selected digital-era trends such as Online hate speech, Digital security and digital rights

read more Whistleblowing Digital rights Safety of journalists Hate speech Worldwide

Who makes the news? Global Media Monitoring Report 2015

Since 1995, the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) at five-year intervals, has measured the pace of change in women’s media representation and participation. In 2015, evidence from over 100 countries confirms that progress has been glacially slow

read more Media and gender Worldwide