Defamation and Insult Laws in the OSCE Region: A Comparative Study - Reports

This study examines the existence and the subsequent implementation of criminal defamation and insult laws in the territory of the 57 participating States of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Joint declaration on freedom of expression and “fake news”, disinformation and propaganda - Legal Resources

UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression and OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media call all relevant actors to take steps in countering fake news and propaganda

Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights' report on freedom of expression and media freedom in Turkey - Reports

Council of Europe Commissioner raises concerns about the serious deterioration of media freedom and freedom of expression for journalists, media outlets, academics and the Turkish society as a whole, especially after the attempted coup of July 15, 2016

Consolidating Control - The Fox/Sky merger and news plurality in the UK - Reports

A timely analysis by the UK Media Reform Coalition highlights the consequences of a potential incorporation of Sky Plc. into 21st Century Fox and the implications this would have on the news plurality landscape in the United Kingdom

Media freedom and democracy (Eurobarometer) - Surveys

This opinion survey published in November 2016 explores the perceptions of European citizens regarding pluralism and independence of their national private and public media

Reporters Without Borders - Press Freedom Index - Indexes

Published every year since 2002 by Reporters Without Borders (RWB), the World Press Freedom Index ranks 180 countries according to the level of freedom available to journalists

Freedom House - Freedom of the Press - Indexes

Since 1980, the Freedom of the Press index assesses on an annual basis the degree of print, broadcast, and digital media freedom in 199 countries

How does the media on both sides of the Mediterranean report on Migration? - Reports

Media coverage is vital to shaping people’s opinions on migration, but journalism struggles to resist oversimplification, emotional approach and political interference

Stockholm Center for Freedom (SCF) - Stakeholders

The Stockholm Center for Freedom (SCF) is a newly launched advocacy organization that promotes the rule of law, democracy and fundamental rights and freedoms with a special focus on Turkey.

SCF, a non-proft organization, was set up by a group of journalists who have been forced to live in self-exile in Sweden against the backdrop of a massive crackdown on press freedom in Turkey.

SCF is committed to serving as a reference source by providing a broader picture of rights violations in Turkey, monitoring daily developments on fact-based investigative journalism and documenting individual cases of the infringement of fundamental rights.

Fighting for recognition: Online abuse of women bloggers in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States - Academic Sources

This study argues that democratic potential of social media in democracies remains haphazard because online abuse is not fully recognized as entangling online and offline communication, constituted and constructed through technological, legal, social, and cultural factors. It is based on interviews with 109 bloggers who write about feminisms, family, and/or maternity politics. According to the findings 73.4% had negative experiences due to blogging and/or social media use