Academic sources

Articles by scholars on press and media freedom published in peer-reviewed academic journals. Open access articles are privileged

Junk News and Bots during the German Parliamentary Election: What are German Voters Sharing over Twitter?

The article studies Twitter data on bot activity and junk news using a set of hashtags related to the 2017 German Parliamentary Election

read more Fake news and disinformation Germany Propaganda Social media

Junk News During the EU Parliamentary Elections: Lessons from a Seven-Language Study of Twitter and Facebook

The study highlights that the influence of junk news is far less prominent on Twitter (4% of total sources), while the engagement of junk news is higher on Facebook, but the recipients of professional news outnumbered the former

read more Fake news and disinformation Online news Online media Propaganda Italy United Kingdom Poland Sweden Spain France Germany Social media