The Chilling: Global trends in online violence against women journalists - Reports

“First, I’m attacked for being a journalist, second I’m attacked for being a woman" (Maria Ressa). Women journalists are now more exposed to online violence than ever. Women journalists are both the primary targets of online violence and the first responders to it

Feindbild Journalist - Reports

Feindbild Journalist by ECPMF reports on the physical attacks journalists faced in Germany in 2018. It also compares the results with the analyses carried out in the previous years

United Kingdom (England and Wales): Responding to ‘hate speech’ - Reports

The report was produced as part of “Media Against Hate”, a Europe-wide campaign initiated by the European Federation of Journalists and a coalition of civil society organisations

Hate speech: what it is and how to contrast it - Article

The third of a series of thematic itineraries to explore the Resource Centre on Media Freedom through a curated aggregation of contents. 

Protecting the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights - Manuals

A handbook to assist judges, prosecutors, lawyers and human rights’ defenders in ensuring that all cases involving freedom of expression (FoE) are handled in conformity with states’ obligations under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as developed by the Strasbourg Court

Training Manual on International and Comparative Media and Freedom of Expression Law - Manuals

This manual provides resources and background materials to help trainers prepare and participants to understand training workshops on media and freedom of expression law 

World trends in freedom of expression and media development: Special digital focus 2015 - Reports

Since 2011, UNESCO increased its activity in monitoring the status of press freedom and safety of journalists, with emphasis on cases of impunity for violence against journalists. This Special Digital Focus 2015 devotes specific attention to selected digital-era trends such as Online hate speech, Digital security and digital rights

Freedom of expression and hate speech - Reports

This report offers a comprehensive elaboration on the distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech. By taking into account both key concepts and the legal perspective, it combines a generalist perspective with country-specific elements related to Macedonia